{"id":13675,"date":"2023-11-28T07:59:35","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T10:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=13675"},"modified":"2023-11-28T07:59:35","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T10:59:35","slug":"la-impresion-3d-como-una-solucion-posible-para-la-fabricacion-de-drones-de-alto-consumo-y-bajo-costo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=13675","title":{"rendered":"La impresi\u00f3n 3D como una soluci\u00f3n posible para la fabricaci\u00f3n de drones de alto consumo y bajo costo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El crecimiento exponencial del empleo de drones en el campo de batalla, ha motivado que las principales potencias avancen en el desarrollo de programas espec\u00edficos para el empleo de UAS en enjambres (swarms)\u00a0UAS, con capacidades letales. En el caso de EUA, el mayor obst\u00e1culo que se presenta para el avance de estos programas, es que su principal \/ potencial oponente, China, domina el mercado de drones de alto consumo y bajo costo, as\u00ed como de sus componentes y repuestos. Por su parte, las grandes empresas estadounidenses han expresado que no se dispone de suficiente Base Industrial de\u00a0Defensa, para satisfacer\u00a0localmente\u00a0las necesidades de miles de UAS en corto plazo\u00a0y a costos aceptables.\u00a0Tomando como modelo lo ocurrido en Ucrania donde la modificaci\u00f3n y adaptaci\u00f3n de UAS comerciales para su empleo militar, se realiza en forma descentralizada, el presente art\u00edculo menciona el Programa REPLICATOR como una soluci\u00f3n posible. El mismo propone implementar la capacidad de manufactura aditiva \/ Impresi\u00f3n 3D (AM \/ 3DP), realizada por elementos log\u00edsticos desplegados en proximidades de los campos de batalla.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"l-content-row l-relative\">\n<div class=\"content-body wysiwyg l-content-well wysiwyg-article\">\n<p class=\"drop-cap\">There&#8217;s a major obstacle to the Pentagon\u2019s new effort to manufacture thousands of small drones: China dominates the market for consumer-drone parts, which is awkward since the point\u00a0is to deter China. One potential solution could be rapid manufacturing in the field, according to one of the military\u2019s top young tech minds.<\/p>\n<p>The two-month-old\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenseone.com\/technology\/2023\/08\/hellscape-dod-launches-massive-drone-swarm-program-counter-china\/389797\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Replicator<\/a>\u00a0effort seeks to apply a Ukrainian success\u2014modifying lots and lots of consumer drones for military purposes\u2014to the U.S. campaign to keep the peace in the Pacific. But the Pentagon can\u2019t simply clone the Ukrainian program for the INDOPACOM mission set.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe fact of the matter is: we don&#8217;t have an industrial base to do this,\u201d Michael MacKay, national security advisor to Sen. Jodi Ernst, R-Iowa, said last week at a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pallasadvisors.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pallas Advisors<\/a>\u00a0event. \u201cIf China shut off the hose tomorrow, we don&#8217;t have the carbon fibers; we don&#8217;t have the micro-electronics; we don&#8217;t have the chips; we don&#8217;t have the motors to be able at this point to provide thousands [of small drones] at scale.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe ran into this in the beginning of Ukraine,\u201d MacKay said, referring to Russia\u2019s expanded invasion in 2022. \u201cWe&#8217;ve had a lot of laws and we have a lot of presidential executive orders that say you can&#8217;t buy Chinese, down to some of the component level&#8230;America needs to get back into manufacturing on some of these components.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Pentagon hasn\u2019t said much about where the program is going or how it will achieve its objectives. But major defense contractors are cautioning that Replicator drones could cost far more than Pentagon officials imagine. They pointed to\u00a0 microelectronics and other supply-chain issues\u2014but also argued that the Pentagon might well want the higher performance of more expensive parts.<\/p>\n<p>Last month at the ComDef conference in Virginia, defense industry representatives made a pitch for more expensive and more capable drones, the sort of thing that they already know how to supply.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"l-content-row l-relative\">\n<div class=\"content-body wysiwyg l-content-well content-body-last\">\n<p>\u201cTrying to build something at that scale, at that cost, is going to be very challenging,\u201d said Adam Broecker, vice president of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenseone.com\/business\/2022\/10\/new-lockheed-office-seeks-partnerships-mid-size-firms\/378604\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LM Evolve<\/a>\u00a0at Lockheed Martin. \u201cHigher up the cost and capability curve, I think there&#8217;s going to be a lot more opportunity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Neither the United States nor its allies can easily mimic\u00a0Chinese manufacturer DJI\u2019s Mavic drone, which is a hot item on both sides of the Ukraine war.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think an allied-built version of a Mavic drone is going to be much more expensive. But I think there&#8217;s gonna be a lot of trade-off in terms of capability,\u201d Broecker said.<\/p>\n<p>John Suding, the executive director of East Asia defense and government services at Boeing Defense, Space &amp; Security, said the drones\u00a0that traditional defense contractors can supply may be a bit more expensive and specific than what many are currently envisioning.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe complexity of the systems is going to matter, right? Can you use dual-use technology in the system?\u201d Suding said. \u201cThat gives you access to a different type of supply base than you might have if it&#8217;s a very bespoke solution. Once we understand that, once we understand how many of these things do you [the Pentagon] want to build, how long do you want to build them for? Then you can start sizing supply chains to the, you know, to the point on driving scale.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Once those questions are answered, he said, building thousands of cheap military drones quickly may become as easy as building missiles and bombs like Boeing\u2019s Joint Direct Attack Munition.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJDAM is a great example. We can deliver tens of thousands of those in a year,\u201d\u00a0 Suding said.<\/p>\n<p>But, he said, if you want the machine to have better eyes, brains, and steerability than a missile, you might have to deal with a more specialized and thus expensive solution.<\/p>\n<p>Speaking at a Defense Writer&#8217;s Group event last week, Deputy Defense Secretary Kathleen Hicks said &#8220;what we are thinking of is more like things in the tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per unit than in the millions of dollars per unit.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A new approach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Schuyler Moore, CENTCOM\u2019s chief technology officer, speaking at the Pallas event, said that the key to achieving the Replicator vision is to\u00a0hand combatant commands a bigger role earlier on\u2014and even let operators build their own drones.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere was definitely going to be a supply-chain element of this that needs to be talked through, not only of manufacturing, but also getting things into theater,\u201d Moore said. \u201cBut we also believe that there are mitigating actions that you can take.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She pointed to Task Force 99, an innovation unit within Air Force Central Command.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey were frustrated with waiting for a number of systems that they were trying to get out into the theater. They happened to have a couple of 3D printers on base. And in their free time\u2014quite literally, this is how they described it to me afterwards\u2014in their free time, they found a company who had a blueprint online, and by blueprint, I mean that they had a picture of the UAV that they were 3D printing online. And they talked to this company and the company said, \u2018It&#8217;s going to be ready in two years.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That was too long for Task Force 99, Moore said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey wanted to see if they could print out the picture that they saw on the company&#8217;s website, and they did it in 48 hours. And they are currently in the process. of writing out the [standard operating procedures] for how you print UAS in theater,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>To pull off such feats, Moore said, combatant commands need professional innovators who are solely focused on rapid prototyping and scaling.<\/p>\n<p>Not surprisingly, she sounded an optimistic note about DOD\u2019s goals for Replicator:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe believe it is absolutely possible and we believe that our task forces are very well positioned to serve as the battlefield replicator,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Fuente: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenseone.com\/technology\/2023\/11\/can-troops-3d-printers-save-pentagons-mass-drone-vision\/392254\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>https:\/\/www.defenseone.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El crecimiento exponencial del empleo de drones en el campo de batalla, ha motivado que las principales potencias avancen en el desarrollo de programas espec\u00edficos&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13675"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13675"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13677,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13675\/revisions\/13677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}