{"id":16376,"date":"2025-01-19T06:51:52","date_gmt":"2025-01-19T09:51:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=16376"},"modified":"2025-01-19T06:51:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-19T09:51:52","slug":"nuevo-material-bidimensional-para-protecciom-balistica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=16376","title":{"rendered":"Nuevo material bidimensional para protecci\u00f3m bal\u00edstica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un equipo de cient\u00edficos de Northwestern University (EEUU), ha desarrollado un material bidimensional (2D) entrelazado mec\u00e1nicamente, con alta flexibilidad y resistencia. En el futuro este material podr\u00e1 utilizarse para el desarrollo de chalecos antibalas muy livianos y con propiedades de protecci\u00f3n bal\u00edstica de alta performance. Se trata del material m\u00e1s resistente hasta la fecha, con hasta 100 billones de enlaces por cm2<\/sup>, por lo que resulta de gran inter\u00e9s cuando se requieren materiales d\u00factiles, pero a la vez altamente resistentes. Adem\u00e1s, a diferencia de los m\u00e9todos convencionales de fabricaci\u00f3n de materiales 2D, este producto es altamente escalable y apto para procesos industriales. Asimismo, m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas que presenta este novedoso desarrollo, muestra interesantes caracter\u00edsticas para explorar nuevas aplicaciones.<\/p>\n

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A research team led by scientists at Northwestern University has developed the first-ever two-dimensional mechanically interlocked material with high flexibility and strength. In the future, this could be used to develop lightweight yet high-performance body armor and other such tough materials, a press release said.<\/p>\n

It was in the 1980s that Fraser Stoddart, then a chemist at Northwestern University, first introduced the concept of mechanical bonds. Stoddart then expanded the role of these bonds into molecular machines by enabling functions like switching, rotating, contracting, and expanding in multiple ways and using them to develop interlocked structures, which also won him the Nobel Prize in 2016.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Researchers have been working on developing mechanically interlocked molecules with polymers for decades but have failed. \u201cIn organic chemistry, it is pretty straightforward to form so-called \u201cmedium-sized rings\u201d that are 5-8 atoms around. But such rings are too small to thread another molecule through them,\u201d explained William Dichtel, a professor of chemistry at Northwestern University in an email to\u00a0Interesting Engineering<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn our paper, there are new rings formed at each repeat unit of the 2D structure, which are 40 atoms around,\u201d added Dichtel. This was achieved using an innovative and novel approach that even questioned assumptions about how molecules react.<\/p>\n

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A novel process<\/strong><\/p>\n

Madison Bardot, a Ph.D candidate in Dichtel\u2019s lab, developed a novel process using X-shaped monomers as building blocks and arranging them into highly ordered crystalline structures. They then used another molecule to create bonds between molecules of the crystal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The resulting material consists of layers of two-dimensional (2D) polymer sheets where ends of X-shaped monomers are interlocked with ends of other X-shaped monomers, and more monomers are threaded through the gaps in between. Together, the material consists of 100 trillion mechanical bonds per square centimeter, the highest density ever achieved.<\/p>\n

Interestingly, the team also found that dissolving the polymer in the solution allowed the interlocked monomers to peel off each other, enabling the manipulation of individual sheets.<\/p>\n

\u201cMany highly crystalline substances are brittle, but our polymer has a regular, ordered structure yet is highly flexible because each mechanical bond has a little bit of space to move around,\u201d explained Dichtel in the email to\u00a0IE<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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Chemical structure of Kevlar. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cWhen one applies a light force to the polymer, it is extremely flexible, but if more force is applied the material becomes more rigid as the mechanical bonds are stretched locally to their limits. This property is called \u201cstrain hardening\u201d and is of great interest for ductile and mechanically tough materials.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beyond mechanical properties, the polymer architecture has interesting properties that can be explored for new applications.<\/p>\n

Strength to strength<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dichtel\u2019s collaborators at Duke University added this newly developed polymer to Ultem, a fiber in the same family as\u00a0Kevlar<\/a>\u00a0but which can withstand extreme temperatures and chemical exposure. Using just 2.5 percent of the polymer dramatically increased its strength and toughness. This could be used for making\u00a0armor<\/a>\u00a0or ballistics protection.<\/p>\n

While polymers containing mechanical bonds have previously been synthesized at a small scale, this approach helped Dichtel\u2019s team easily make almost a pound (half a kilogram) of the material. This also shows that the approach is highly scalable as well.<\/p>\n

\u201cPerhaps the most challenging aspect was proving to ourselves that we indeed had the proposed mechanically interlocked structure \u2013 it took a team of diverse expertise \u2013 synthetic chemists, electron microscopists, polymer engineers \u2013 to figure out how to make the materials and then how to actually study them,\u201d added Dichtel in the email.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Fuente: <\/strong>https:\/\/interestingengineering.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un equipo de cient\u00edficos de Northwestern University (EEUU), ha desarrollado un material bidimensional (2D) entrelazado mec\u00e1nicamente, con alta flexibilidad y resistencia. En el futuro este… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18,24],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16376"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16376"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16379,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16376\/revisions\/16379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}