{"id":3159,"date":"2018-08-09T14:59:19","date_gmt":"2018-08-09T17:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nachodelatorre.com.ar\/mosconi\/?p=3159"},"modified":"2018-08-09T14:59:19","modified_gmt":"2018-08-09T17:59:19","slug":"los-eeuu-crearan-una-sexta-fuerza-el-comando-espacial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=3159","title":{"rendered":"Los EEUU, crear\u00e1n una Sexta Fuerza el Comando Espacial"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b>La creaci\u00f3n\u00a0de una Sexta Fuerza en los EEUU es algo que no sucede desde la independencia\u00a0de la USAF del USARMY, luego de la de WWII. La decisi\u00f3n es producto de encontrar la necesidad de asegurar el \u00e9xito de los EEUU en caso de una guerra en el espacio, por las caracter\u00edsticas particulares de este ambiente, cada vez m\u00e1s militarizado por China. Rusia y los EE.UU.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"AThe\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0Defense Department this week will take the first steps to create the Space Force, a new branch of the military\u00a0ordered up by President Trump\u00a0but not yet\u00a0fully backed by Congress.<\/p>\n

In coming months, Defense Department leaders plan to stand up three of the four components of the new Space Force: a new combatant command for space, a new joint agency to buy satellites for the military, and a new warfighting community that draws space operators from all service branches. These sweeping changes \u2014 on par with the past decade\u2019s establishment of cyber forces \u2014 are the part the Pentagon can do without lawmakers\u2019\u00a0approval.<\/p>\n

Creating the fourth component \u2014 an entirely new branch of the military with services and support functions such as financial management and facilities construction \u2014 will require congressional action. Defense officials plan to spend the rest of 2018 building a \u201clegislative proposal for the authorities necessary to fully establish the Space Force.\u201d That would go to Congress early next year as part of the Trump administration\u2019s 2020 budget\u00a0proposal.<\/p>\n

This plan, developed for execution by Deputy Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan, the Pentagon\u2019s No. 2 civilian, is laid out in a 14-page draft report slated to go to lawmakers on Wednesday.\u00a0Defense One\u00a0<\/em>reviewed a draft of the report dated July\u00a030.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Department of Defense is establishing a Space Force to protect our economy through deterrence of malicious activities, ensure our space systems meet national security requirements and provide vital capabilities to joint and coalition forces across the spectrum of conflict,\u201d says the draft report. \u201cDoD will usher in a new age of space technology and field new systems in order to deter, and if necessary degrade, deny, disrupt, destroy and manipulate adversary capabilities to protect\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0interests, assets and way of life\u2026This new age will unlock growth in the\u00a0U.S.<\/span>industrial base, expand the commercial space economy and strengthen partnerships with our\u00a0allies.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Pentagon declined to comment on the report in advance of its formal release later this\u00a0week.<\/p>\n

New\u00a0Forces<\/strong><\/p>\n

The draft report says the Pentagon will, by year\u2019s end, establish an eleventh unified combatant command:\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0Space Command. Like\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0Special Operations Command, which oversees special forces composed of servicemembers and organizations drawn from various service branches, the four-star Space Command will oversee space forces from across the military. The proposal goes even further than lawmakers demanded in the 2019 National Defense Authorization Act, which\u00a0orders the Pentagon\u00a0to create a space command under\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0Strategic\u00a0Command.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Department will recommend that the President revise the Unified Campaign Plan to create the new\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0Space Command by the end of 2018 and evaluate the need for any additional personnel, responsibilities and authorities,\u201d the draft report says. Initially, the Pentagon will recommend that the head of Air Force Space Command also serve as the commander of\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0Space Command. Space liaisons will be installed in the geographic combatant commands, starting with\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0European\u00a0Command.<\/p>\n

The draft report says the Pentagon will also stand up a Space Operations Force, made up of uniformed and civilian space personnel from the four military services and the National Guard and\u00a0Reserve.<\/p>\n

\u201cSimilar to Special Forces personnel provided by all military services, the Space Operations Force will be composed of the space personnel from all Military Services, but developed and managed as one community,\u201d it\u00a0says.<\/p>\n

This force would come together quickly: the goal is to deploy \u201cteams of space experts\u201d to\u00a0U.S.<\/span>\u00a0European Command and\u00a0U.S.<\/span>Indo-Pacific Command by next\u00a0summer.<\/p>\n

New Ways to Procure\u00a0Satellites<\/strong><\/p>\n

The draft report heralds seismic changes in how the Pentagon buys, launches, and develops new technology for its satellites, including organizational and cultural shifts to emphasize speed and experimentation. It also plans a bigger role for private-sector space companies \u201cas commercial and government entities \u2018move toward the center\u2019 on requirements, regulation and\u00a0compliance.\u201d<\/p>\n

The centerpiece of this effort is a new joint office, dubbed the Space Development Agency, to oversee new satellite-development and space-launch\u00a0contracts.<\/p>\n

\u201cMajor existing space acquisition programs will remain in current service organizations, and aggressively pursue improved performance, while the Space Development Agency develops and fields the capabilities outlined in the DoD Space Vision,\u201d the draft report says. \u201cOver time, as current programs complete, resources will shift from service space acquisition organizations to the Space Development\u00a0Agency.\u201d<\/p>\n

The biggest impact will be on the Air Force. The move clouds the future of the service\u2019s Space and Missile Systems Center, the\u00a06,000-person organization\u00a0in Los Angeles that currently oversees about 85 percent of DoD\u2019s space procurement budget \u2014 and which was\u00a0recently restructured\u00a0to speed the purchase and launch of satellites. The report calls this overhaul \u201cthe\u00a0start.\u201d<\/p>\n

Like the Missile Defense Agency, the Space Development Agency would oversee acquisition projects across the various military services. Its size will be determined by a \u201cDoD governance committee in partnership with the intelligence community,\u201d the report said. Its location will be determined through \u201can accelerated process that considers locations that best enable the Agency to attract talent, leverage commercial expertise and develop new capabilities at speed and\u00a0scale.\u201d<\/p>\n

Currently, the Air Force has hubs for space in Colorado, California, and Florida. The Army and Missile Defense Agency have a large presence in Huntsville, Alabama, an area nicknamed \u201cRocket City\u201d for its large role in\u00a0NASA<\/span>\u00a0and military space projects. The city is also known as \u201cPentagon South\u201d due to the high concentration of Defense Department civilians\u00a0there.<\/p>\n

The report, which responds to a congressional mandate in the 2018 Defense Authorization Act, was largely written by Shanahan\u2019s office and by Stephen Kitay, deputy assistant defense secretary for space policy, according to a senior defense official. Air Force officials were largely cut out of the review process several weeks ago, the official \u2014 and another source with knowledge of the decision \u2014 said on the condition of anonymity to speak about the yet-to-be-released\u00a0report.<\/p>\n

From Idea to\u00a0Plan<\/strong><\/p>\n

The idea of creating a new service-level organization to handle the military\u2019s space operations has been contentious since lawmakers last year\u00a0proposed\u00a0to attach a space corps to the Air Force, along the lines of the Marine Corps and the Navy. Pentagon leaders, including Trump\u2019s own Air Force Secretary, largely\u00a0opposed that move. But in recent months, the president has mulled, and then stated his desire for, a Space Force. If it becomes reality, it would be the first new branch of the military since the Air Force was born out of the Army Air Corps in\u00a01947.<\/p>\n

\u201cBoth the chief of staff and I are actually very glad that \u2026 people are becoming more aware and having a debate about what we do about this as a nation. That just wasn\u2019t really there before,\u201d Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said during a\u00a0Washington Post<\/em>event\u00a0on July\u00a025.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think the most important thing is to say focused on the warfighter and maintaining the lethality of the service, no matter how the org-chart boxes go,\u201d Wilson said. \u201cIt\u2019s all about the ability to fight. If we keep focused on that and not on which boxes move around which place in the Pentagon, then we\u2019ll do the right thing for the\u00a0nation.\u201d<\/p>\n

Wilson\u2019s predecessor, Deborah Lee James \u2014 who served as Air Force secretary during the Obama administration \u2014 said Monday that she\u00a0opposes a Space Force, but supports the creation of a combatant command, like the one discussed in Shanahan\u2019s report. She made her \u00a0comments at a Brookings Institution event in\u00a0Washington.<\/p>\n

In recent years, the Air Force made\u00a0numerous changes within its space arm\u00a0to defend against Russian and Chinese interference. This week, the Pentagon is poised to announce a shift from \u201cfew independent\u201d satellite constellations to a \u201ca proliferated low-Earth orbit architecture enabled by lower-cost commercial pace technology and access.\u201d Air Force officials\u00a0hinted at these changes\u00a0earlier this year when Shanahan visited Air Force Space Command in\u00a0Colorado.<\/p>\n

The Air Force operates 77 satellites in orbit while the Navy has 12 communications satellites, Wilson\u00a0said.<\/p>\n

\u201cSatellites are really pretty fragile things and so we have to think now about how do we defend a constellation. It not always just direct defense,\u201d she said. \u201cIt may be that we distribute a network. If you have multiple nodes it\u2019s inherently more resilient than if you\u2019re relying on one thing. Some it may be maneuverability. Some of it may be deception. There\u2019s a lot of ways to make sure the United States can take a punch and keep on\u00a0operating.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fuente:<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/www.defenseone.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La creaci\u00f3n\u00a0de una Sexta Fuerza en los EEUU es algo que no sucede desde la independencia\u00a0de la USAF del USARMY, luego de la de WWII.… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3159"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3159\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}