{"id":3293,"date":"2018-09-20T14:51:47","date_gmt":"2018-09-20T17:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nachodelatorre.com.ar\/mosconi\/?p=3293"},"modified":"2018-09-20T14:51:47","modified_gmt":"2018-09-20T17:51:47","slug":"la-promesa-del-hidrogeno-como-el-combustible-del-futuro-en-riesgo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=3293","title":{"rendered":"La promesa del hidr\u00f3geno como el combustible del futuro en riesgo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las r\u00e1pidas mejoras en las tecnolog\u00edas de los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos han tomado por sorpresa a los fabricantes de veh\u00edculos con motores de combusti\u00f3n interna tradicionales. La proliferaci\u00f3n de los autom\u00f3viles alimentados con bater\u00edas significa que, para una tecnolog\u00eda como la del hidr\u00f3geno, que busca cumplir muchos de los mismos objetivos ambientales, se convierte en una amenaza por la posibilidad de infligirle un golpe que la deje s\u00f3lo en capacidad de atender el mercado nicho de combustible para camiones y autobuses.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

BERLIN \u2014 It wasn\u2019t so long ago that hydrogen was the fuel of the future, potentially capable of powering millions of cars while emitting nothing more than water from exhaust pipes.<\/p>\n

No longer.<\/p>\n

Rapid improvements in electric vehicle technology has caught even the makers of diesel and gasoline-powered cars by surprise.<\/p>\n

For a technology like hydrogen, the proliferation of battery-powered cars \u2014 a technology that accomplishes many of the same objectives \u2014 threatens to deal it a blow that leaves it as only a niche fuel for trucks and buses.<\/p>\n

\u201cHydrogen is running well behind electric vehicles in terms of market readiness,\u201d said Greg Archer, who works on clean vehicles at Brussels-based Transport & Environment. \u201cThe costs have got to come down enormously and the range of vehicles has to increase massively.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIf we believe in the Paris accord then you need to make it happen with renewable energy sources like hydrogen\u201d\u00a0\u2014\u00a0Jorgo Chatzimarkakis, secretary-general of Hydrogen Europe<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hydrogen enthusiasts argue that all that\u2019s needed is a big push. Much of the necessary infrastructure is already available\u00a0in existing gas grids. Should those be repurposed, cars and trucks could refill their tanks in a matter of minutes, compared to the up to eight hours needed to charge an electric car battery on a household current.<\/p>\n

That, they argue, could be an environmental windfall, especially if hydrogen production shifts from breaking apart natural gas to using renewable energy to break apart water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis.<\/p>\n

\n
Harness enough wind and solar power, and the world\u2019s cars, trucks, trains and even planes could be running on a completely clean fuel. That would make a massive difference in tackling climate change.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cIf we believe in the Paris accord then you need to make it happen with renewable energy sources like hydrogen,\u201d said Jorgo Chatzimarkakis, the secretary-general of industry lobby group Hydrogen Europe, adding that no single option \u2014 be it batteries, biofuels or hydrogen \u2014 will do the job alone.<\/p>\n

Losing ground<\/strong><\/p>\n

The trouble for the nascent hydrogen industry is that it\u2019s progressing too slowly. Meanwhile, battery-powered cars are racing ahead, with increasing ranges, faster recharging times and falling costs.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen we do the economic calculations and look at the hydrogen sector, we have trouble convincing ourselves that it has a horizon of 10 years,\u201d Patrick Pouyann\u00e9, CEO of French energy giant Total,\u00a0told\u00a0Ouest France. \u201cIt\u2019s still very expensive.\u00a0The electric battery is one step ahead today.\u201d<\/p>\n

It\u2019s not that no money is going into hydrogen \u2014 it\u2019s just a lot less than is being spent on electric cars.<\/p>\n

Germany wants to put in place 100 hydrogen stations by the end of next year, but that compares to a target of 15,000 electric charging posts, with Berlin making\u00a0\u20ac300 million available\u00a0to meet the target.<\/p>\n

The French government\u00a0plans\u00a0to spend \u20ac100 million on pushing hydrogen fueling stations and vehicles in 2019 under a recently announced national program. The aim is to persuade companies to buy 5,000 vans and 200 trucks by 2023, a massive ramp-up from the roughly 250 hydrogen-powered vehicles currently deployed nationwide.<\/p>\n

But that target pales in comparison to the 600,000 electric cars the French government estimates will be on the road by 2022.<\/p>\n

European automakers are flirting with hydrogen. Germany\u2019s Daimler has teamed up with Shell to set up hydrogen charging points, while French trainmaker Alstom has supplied trains powered by hydrogen to run on a commuter line on the German North Sea coast. France\u2019s PSA Group also said it is working on a car model, while Mercedes-Benz and Audi have active programs.<\/p>\n

But that doesn\u2019t match up to their electric car plans; Volkswagen alone is dedicating \u20ac40 billion to battery purchases.<\/p>\n

National enthusiasm for hydrogen also tends to wane further away from the rich and green cities of Northern Europe.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cThe more you go south, the less interest there is in hydrogen,\u201d said one automotive industry official who works on promoting hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Some Central European countries are preparing for their own light hydrogen offensives, but these are focused on road transporters rather than mass market deployment.<\/p>\n

Bulgaria\u00a0wants\u00a0to have 10 refuelling points nationwide by 2025. The Czech government estimates it needs 12 in place by the same year, and has made \u20ac6 million available to \u201clay the foundation\u201d for the fuel with up to five stations, Transport Minister Dan \u0164ok recently\u00a0said.<\/p>\n

European electric car sales are expected to come to 200,000 this year. By 2040, there could be 40 million and 70 million worldwide,\u00a0according\u00a0to the International Energy Agency.<\/p>\n

\u201cElectric vehicles have really caught up,\u201d said Archer.\u00a0\u201cWith the chargers being put forward by German automakers you would be able to 80 percent charge your vehicle in 10 minutes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Holding out for hydrogen<\/h3>\n

Japan and South Korea have made large investments in hydrogen, but that\u2019s unlikely to spill over into Europe.<\/p>\n

Toyota\u2019s Mirai car is the leader, a passenger vehicle that can run for 500 kilometers on a single tank of hydrogen. But of the 5,500 sold worldwide since it was unveiled in 2014, under 300 have been sent to Europe. Plans to expand production in Japan will get output to 30,000 per year by 2020, but that isn\u2019t going to revolutionize the industry.<\/p>\n

Less energy is wasted in battery charging than during the process of electrolysis needed to generate power in hydrogen fuel cells.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s not with the Mirai that [the auto industry] will change the world,\u201d said one executive from a global carmaker. \u201cWith 30,000 cars a year we will not support investment, production and distribution of hydrogen in Europe for example.\u201d<\/p>\n

There are also environmental concerns about hydrogen.<\/p>\n

Less energy is wasted in battery charging than during the process of electrolysis needed to generate power in hydrogen fuel cells. While the hydrogen lobby insists its efficiency is improving, T&E argues that producing hydrogen loses 30 percent in power during the process of electrolysis.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s fine in countries such as Denmark, with a surplus of offshore wind power, but problematic if the electricity is from coal plants in Poland. \u201cThen you start to ask what is the advantage of hydrogen over fast-charging electric vehicles,\u201d said Archer.<\/p>\n

Fuente:<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/www.politico.eu<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las r\u00e1pidas mejoras en las tecnolog\u00edas de los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos han tomado por sorpresa a los fabricantes de veh\u00edculos con motores de combusti\u00f3n interna tradicionales.… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11,29,24],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}