{"id":3596,"date":"2019-02-04T10:08:36","date_gmt":"2019-02-04T13:08:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nachodelatorre.com.ar\/mosconi\/?p=3596"},"modified":"2019-02-04T10:08:36","modified_gmt":"2019-02-04T13:08:36","slug":"el-desarrollo-de-armas-hipersonicas-un-desafio-a-la-estabilidad-global","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=3596","title":{"rendered":"El desarrollo de armas hipers\u00f3nicas. \u00bfUn desaf\u00edo a la estabilidad global?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/u>Las grandes potencias como EUA, Rusia y China\u00a0han destinado enormes recursos para el desarrollo de Armas Hipers\u00f3nicas,\u00a0avanzando aceleradamente con sus respectivos Programas. Rusia incluso ha expresado que los tendr\u00eda operativos en el 2019. Esto plantea \u00a0grandes\u00a0 desaf\u00edos a los Sistemas de Defensa A\u00e9rea y Misilisticos convencionales en servicio, que resultar\u00edan ineficaces para neutralizar estas amenazas de extraordinaria velocidad \u00a0y trayectoria impredecible, que adem\u00e1s pueden ser lanzadas desde diferentes plataformas Terrestres, A\u00e9reas y Navales, tanto de superficie como submarinas.<\/p>\n

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Russian President Vladimir Putin smiled slyly\u00a0last month\u00a0as he claimed to the world a successful test of Russia\u2019s superfast space glider, capable of carrying conventional or nuclear weapons to their target at 20 times the speed of sound.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The leader called the 3,500-mile flight over Russia by the new Avangard missile Dec. 19 \u201ca wonderful, perfect New Year\u2019s gift for the country.\u201d He boasted that \u201cRussia now has a new kind of strategic weapon\u201d and said it would be added to the nation\u2019s arsenal this year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The Avangard is the latest in a new class of weapons, called hypersonic, that can travel as fast as 16,000 miles per hour and strike targets on the far side of the world. They can be launched by rockets or from aircraft and carry either conventional or nuclear weapons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The Russian launch seemed to confirm fears Gen. John Hyten, commander of the Offutt-based U.S. Strategic Command, has expressed repeatedly in the past year. He warned that the United States could fall behind both Russia and its other main strategic rival, China, in developing hypersonics \u2014 or, of even greater concern, defending against them.<\/div>\n
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China has been developing hypersonic weapons since at least 2014 and has said it will deploy them starting in 2020.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cWe\u2019ve watched them test those capabilities,\u201d Hyten told Congress last March, but he added, \u201cwe don\u2019t have any defense that could deny the employment of such a weapon against us, so our response would be our deterrent (nuclear) force.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Current intercontinental ballistic missiles can fly just as fast as hypersonics, but this new class of weapons can fly in controlled patterns just above the Earth\u2019s atmosphere and be shifted in midair. That shiftiness allows them to disguise their intended targets and makes missile defense much more difficult. Their speed could reduce the time an opposing commander has to respond.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A\u00a02017 report by the RAND Corp.\u00a0called hypersonics \u201ca game-changing capability.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cDetecting a hypersonic vehicle coming in is scary,\u201d said Richard Speier, a physicist and consultant who\u00a0co-authored\u00a0the report. \u201cYou can have single-digit minutes to determine where it\u2019s going to strike.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Alarms also were raised about hypersonics in the Defense Department\u2019s long-awaited\u00a0Missile Defense Review, released Thursday. In it, President Donald Trump called for a broader array of missile-defense systems because of new threats from rivals like Russia and China, as well as from \u201crogue nations.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hyten played a key role in producing the report. Missile defense is one of StratCom\u2019s major responsibilities.<\/p>\n

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\u201cThis is just, again, a return to great power competition,\u201d Hyten said last August during a StratCom-sponsored military seminar in La Vista.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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He said the U.S. must go faster than its adversaries in developing the new weapons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cWe\u2019ve always done that in the past. We have to do this again,\u201d Hyten said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The U.S. has been developing its own hypersonic weapons. The Army, Navy and Air Force each have separate programs to develop and field them under an effort known as Prompt Global Strike.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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To catch up, U.S. officials have referred to hypersonic weapons as their \u201cfirst, second and third\u201d weapons development priorities. The Pentagon\u2019s 2019 budget called for increased funding for a key hypersonics program from $201 million in 2018 to $278 million in 2019, with close to $2 billion allocated to the program.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cWe\u2019re not going to just sit around and wait,\u201d Hyten told an audience at StratCom\u2019s Space and Missile Defense Symposium in Huntsville, Alabama, in August. \u201cWe need to step it up when it comes to hypersonic technology. And we are. And we\u2019re moving fast.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Speier, a Nebraska native, said the current situation reminds him of the Russian launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 when he was a student at Omaha\u2019s Central High School. He said it \u201creally got people\u2019s attention\u201d because at the time the U.S. space program lagged far behind.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cIn Sputnik, we were faced with a threat we couldn\u2019t stop. We were behind, in a certain sense,\u201d said Speier, who went on to get degrees at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. \u201cIt\u2019s not only the problem of detecting (hypersonics). It\u2019s being able to track them.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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StratCom employs a large network of sensors \u2014 on satellites, on the ground and at sea \u2014 to detect missile launches around the world. But Hyten said he needs a new type of satellite that would watch from low-earth orbit and more quickly detect hypersonics, which skim along close to the top of the atmosphere.<\/p>\n

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That\u2019s quite different from the trajectory of ICBMs, which soar much higher and fall predictably, like a fly ball dropping in center field.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Still, there are some nuclear weapons experts who believe that the threat posed by hypersonic weapons is overblown.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Jeffrey Lewis, who heads the East Asia Nonproliferation Project at the Middlebury Institute\u2019s James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies in California, said hypersonics may have some maneuverability while they\u2019re skimming over the atmosphere, but they must slow down for re-entry and glide to their targets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cHow agile could that really be?\u201d Lewis said. \u201cThis thing will slow down and glow like a Christmas tree.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project for the Federation of American Scientists, said he\u2019s less concerned about hypersonics being used to deliver nuclear weapons than conventional ones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Their primary advantage over ICBMs is the ability to guide them within feet of their intended target from a long distance away, he said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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But that kind of accuracy isn\u2019t important when it comes to delivering nukes. If an adversary wanted to target, say, a military base, it would only be necessary to explode it in the general area to deal a crippling blow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cNuclear is a big bang,\u201d Kristensen said. \u201cYou don\u2019t really need that kind of accuracy.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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What hypersonics could do is make it much easier for Russia or China to deliver conventional weapons quickly over long distances, said James Acton, co-director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cWe\u2019re already vulnerable. Russia having more ways to nuke us doesn\u2019t really worry me,\u201d Acton said. \u201cI am worried about Russia being able to develop very, very long-range conventional weapons.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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That could allow an adversary to target critical infrastructure \u2014 for example, important satellite stations \u2014 that isn\u2019t threatened now. So if a rogue power like Iran or North Korea were to acquire hypersonics, it could potentially deal a blow to the U.S. without provoking a nuclear war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cDefending against all this stuff would be very hard,\u201d Acton said.<\/p>\n

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Some of these experts think hypersonics would make the biggest difference in a regional war among neighbors or near-neighbors. The weapons\u2019 speed might tempt a smaller power to launch a pre-emptive strike against a rival, or against U.S. interests overseas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cLooking a decade or two down the line, it\u2019s a problem beyond the U.S. and Russia,\u201d Speier said. \u201cThe lesser powers can also make it very difficult for the United States \u2014 threatening our forces that may be deployed elsewhere in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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To reduce the chances of that happening, the RAND report recommended that the U.S., Russia and China agree not to export hypersonic technology to other countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Acton believes that the United States should focus on defense and detection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cGen. Hyten is asking exactly the right questions,\u201d Acton said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Putin\u2019s chest-thumping about the Avangard test may play well with Russians who are nostalgic for Cold War-era competition with the U.S., Kristensen said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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But he doesn\u2019t believe hypersonics ever will amount to more than a small fraction of any nation\u2019s strategic arsenal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cIt\u2019s a niche program,\u201d he said. \u201cThe game is always the same: somebody develops something, and we develop countermeasures.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Fuente:<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/www.omaha.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las grandes potencias como EUA, Rusia y China\u00a0han destinado enormes recursos para el desarrollo de Armas Hipers\u00f3nicas,\u00a0avanzando aceleradamente con sus respectivos Programas. Rusia incluso ha… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18,29],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3596"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3596\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}