{"id":4079,"date":"2019-06-25T18:29:53","date_gmt":"2019-06-25T21:29:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nachodelatorre.com.ar\/mosconi\/?p=4079"},"modified":"2019-06-25T18:29:53","modified_gmt":"2019-06-25T21:29:53","slug":"project-metropolis-la-influencia-de-la-tecnologia-en-el-combate-urbano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=4079","title":{"rendered":"“Project Metropolis\u201d. La influencia de la tecnolog\u00eda en el combate urbano."},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/u>Cientos de US Marines participan junto a sus pares Brit\u00e1nicos, en ejercicios masivos de combate urbano contra oponentes que disponen de sofisticada tecnolog\u00eda. En el marco del “Project METROPOLIS”, se experimenta con situaciones de enfrentamiento entre peque\u00f1as fracciones de nivel Gpo Tir, operando en un escenario de guerra t\u00edpico de grandes orbes, en los cuales ambas partes hacen uso masivo de drones a\u00e9reos y terrestres, guerra electr\u00f3nica, sensores y equipamiento de visi\u00f3n nocturna.<\/p>\n

\"MarinesHundreds of\u00a0Marines<\/a>\u00a0will join their British counterparts at a massive urban training center this summer that will test the leathernecks\u2019 ability to fight a tech-savvy enemy in a crowded city filled with innocent civilians.<\/p>\n

The North Carolina-based Kilo Company, 3rd Battalion, 8th Marines, will test drones, robots and other high-tech\u00a0equipment<\/a>\u00a0at Muscatatuck Urban Training Center near Butlerville, Indiana, in August.<\/p>\n

They\u2019ll spend weeks weaving through underground tunnels and simulating fires in a mock packed downtown city center. They\u2019ll also face off against their peers, who will be equipped with off-the-shelf drones and other gadgets the enemy is now easily able to bring to the fight.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s the start of a four-year effort, known as Project Metropolis, that leaders say will transform the way Marines train for urban battles. The effort is being led by the\u00a0Marine Corps<\/a>\u00a0Warfighting Laboratory, based in Quantico, Virginia. It comes after service leaders identified a troubling problem following nearly two decades of war in the Middle East: adversaries have been studying their tactics and weaknesses, and now they know how to exploit them.<\/p>\n

With tensions heating up with Iran, China and Russia, it\u2019s likely Marines could face a far more sophisticated enemy than the insurgent groups they fought in Iraq and Afghanistan.<\/p>\n

Just this week, Iran shot down a massive U.S.\u00a0Navy<\/a>\u00a0drone capable of flying at high altitudes that collects loads of surveillance data. President Donald Trump said he called off retaliatory strikes just minutes before the operations were slated to kick off.<\/p>\n

Less than two weeks prior, a Russian destroyer nearly collided with a U.S. Navy warship in the Philippine Sea. These are just some of the examples of close calls that could have left Marines and other U.S. troops facing off against near-peer militaries equipped with high-tech equipment in highly populated areas.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the Marine Corps\u2019 Operating Concept, a document published in 2016, found the service isn\u2019t manned, trained or equipped to fight in urban centers, Maj. Edward Leslie, lead planner for Dense Urban Operations at the Warfighting Lab, told Military.com.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe enemy has changed,\u201d Leslie said. \u201c\u2026 They obviously have more access to drones. I think the enemy\u2019s sensing capabilities have increased, they have the ability to see in the night just as well as we can, and they have capabilities that can exploit our technology or disrupt our technology.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Marine Corps isn\u2019t alone in grappling with these new challenges. The Army is spending half a billion dollars to train soldiers to fight underground, and has begun sending small-units to its massive training center in California where leaders are challenged with more complex warfighting scenarios.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Army<\/a>\u00a0also found that young sergeants in most infantry and close combat units don\u2019t know how to maneuver their squads or do basic land navigation, Military.com reported this spring.<\/p>\n

Those are skills Marines must continue to hone, Leslie said, since so many advantages they\u2019re used to having on the battlefield are leveling off. It\u2019s not just room-clearing Marines need to be good at, he said, but overall urban operations — things like figuring out ways to penetrate a building without destroying it since it\u2019s right next to a school or hospital.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think that\u2019s the value we\u2019re going to get [with Project Metropolis],\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

A Next-Gen Fight<\/strong><\/p>\n

The training center Marines and British Royal Marines will use this summer is a sprawling 1,000-acre site that houses dozens of buildings, some with up to seven stories and basements. The complex also has more than a mile\u2019s worth of underground tunnels and active farmland.<\/p>\n

The urban center has been used not just to train troops, but to help government leaders prepare for pandemic responses or natural disasters as well.<\/p>\n

Kilo Company will complete four phases during the month they spend there, Brig. Gen. Christian Wortman, who recently served as the Warfighting Lab\u2019s commanding general, told reporters last month. It will culminate with a five-day force-on-force simulated battle in which the Kilo Company Marines, equipped with new high-tech gear, face off against a like-minded enemy force with its own sophisticated equipment.<\/p>\n

The concept was introduced by Commandant Gen. Robert Neller last summer to help Marines better prepare to fight a near-peer enemy. The British Royal Marines participating in the exercise will either join Kilo Company\u2019s efforts against the aggressor, or act as another force operating in the same region, Leslie said.<\/p>\n

Project Metropolis will build on years of experimentation the Marine Corps has conducted as part of its Sea Dragon 2025 concept. Leslie said the grunts picking up the next leg of experimentation in Indiana will be further challenged to use some of the new technology Marines have been testing in a more complex urban setting, similar to what they\u2019re likely to face in a future warzone.<\/p>\n

Marines have been experimenting with different infantry squad sizes to incorporate drone operators. Now, Leslie said, they\u2019ll look at how to organize teams operating a new tactical self-driving vehicle called the Expeditionary Monitor Autonomous Vehicle, which will carry a .50-caliber machine gun.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat\u2019s going to be a major thing,\u201d he said. \u201cWe\u2019re looking to see, what\u2019s the table of organization look like to work with that, and is it any different if it\u2019s an urban vehicle?\u201d<\/p>\n

\n
\n
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\"Marines<\/div>\n<\/div>
Marines practice Military Operations on Urban Terrain at Camp Buehring, Kuwait, Nov. 23, 2012. The Scout Sniper Platoon, Weapons Company, Battalion Landing Team 3\/5, 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit is deployed as part of the Peleliu Amphibious Ready Group as a U.S. Central Command theater reserve force, providing support for maritime security operations and theater security cooperation efforts in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Timothy R. Childers)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/article>\n

Rifle squads will continue experimenting with unmanned aerial systems, Leslie added, to spot enemy positions without sending someone into a danger zone. They\u2019ll use ground robots that have the ability to map the insides of buildings, and will test Marines\u2019 decision-making when they\u2019re overwhelmed with information.<\/p>\n

\u201cReally want we want to see is how the tech integrates and also how it operates in a dense urban environment,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Kilo Company will also work with nonlethal systems, Wortman said, which they can turn to if they\u2019re in an area where there could be civilian casualties. They\u2019ll have access to kamikaze drones and \u201cmore sophisticated tools for delivering lethal fires,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s vital that they see that Marines are able to put these new tools to use quickly and easily, Wortman said, as they don\u2019t want them to be fumbling with new systems in the middle of combat situations.<\/p>\n

Building on the Past<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marines aren\u2019t new to urban fights.<\/p>\n

Leathernecks saw some of the bloodiest urban battles since Vietnam\u2019s Battle of Hue City in Fallujah, Iraq. About 12,000 U.S. troops fought in the second leg of the 2004 battle to turn that city back over to the Iraqi government. In the fierce battle, which involved going house-to-house in search of insurgents, 82 U.S. troops were killed and about another 600 hurt.<\/p>\n

The Marines learned during those battles, Leslie said. But a lot has changed in the last 15 years, he added. With adversaries having access to cheap surveillance drones, night vision and other technology, military leaders making life-and-death decisions on the battlefield must adjust.<\/p>\n

The goal, Wortman said, is to keep Marines armed with and proficient in to keep their edge on the battlefield.<\/p>\n

Every city has a different character, too, Leslie added, so what Marines saw in Fallujah is not going to be the same as what they can expect in a new fight.<\/p>\n

There has also been a great deal of turnover in the Marine Corps since combat operations slowed in Iraq and Afghanistan, Leslie said. Today\u2019s generation of Marines is also incredibly tech-savvy, Wortman said, and they\u2019re likely to find ways to use some of the new gear they\u2019re handing to them during this experiment and come up with innovative new ways to employ it.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have the expectation that these sailors and Marines are going to teach us about the possibilities with this technology because they\u2019ll apply it in creative \u2026 ways the tech developers didn\u2019t fully anticipate.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fuente:<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/www.military.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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