{"id":5860,"date":"2020-05-03T09:48:14","date_gmt":"2020-05-03T12:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nachodelatorre.com.ar\/mosconi\/?p=5860"},"modified":"2020-05-03T09:48:14","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T12:48:14","slug":"baterias-bajo-escrutinio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=5860","title":{"rendered":"Bater\u00edas bajo escrutinio"},"content":{"rendered":"

Una t\u00e9cnica basada en los principios de la resonancia magn\u00e9tica nuclear (RMN) y de la tomograf\u00eda por RMN (IRM) ha permitido a un grupo de investigaci\u00f3n de la Universidad de Cambrigde observar no s\u00f3lo c\u00f3mo funcionan las bater\u00edas de pr\u00f3xima generaci\u00f3n para el almacenamiento de energ\u00eda a gran escala, sino tambi\u00e9n c\u00f3mo fallan, lo que podr\u00eda ayudar en el desarrollo de estrategias para extender la vida \u00fatil de las bater\u00edas en apoyo de la transici\u00f3n a un futuro sin carbono. Adem\u00e1s, la t\u00e9cnica se puede aplicar a otros tipos de bater\u00edas y celdas electroqu\u00edmicas para descifrar los complejos mecanismos de reacci\u00f3n que se producen en estos sistemas, y para detectar y diagnosticar fallas. El estudio se realiz\u00f3 sobre bater\u00edas de flujo redox org\u00e1nicas, por ser las m\u00e1s promisorias al presente para almacenar suficiente energ\u00eda para alimentar pueblos y ciudades, pero que se degradan demasiado r\u00e1pido para aplicaciones comerciales. Los investigadores encontraron que, al cargar las bater\u00edas a un voltaje m\u00e1s bajo, fueron capaces de reducir significativamente la tasa de degradaci\u00f3n, extendiendo la vida \u00fatil de las bater\u00edas.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The new tools, developed by researchers at the University of Cambridge, will help scientists design more efficient and safer battery systems for grid-scale energy storage. In addition, the technique may be applied to other types of batteries and electrochemical cells to untangle the complex reaction mechanisms that occur in these systems, and to detect and diagnose faults.<\/p>\n

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We need to understand both how these systems function and also how they fail if we are going to make progress in this field<\/p>\n

Clare Grey<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The researchers tested their techniques on organic redox flow batteries, promising candidates to store enough renewable energy to power towns and cities, but which degrade too quickly for commercial applications. The researchers found that by charging the batteries at a lower voltage, they were able to significantly slow the rate of degradation, extending the batteries\u2019 lifespan. The results<\/a> are reported in the journal Nature<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Batteries are a vital piece of the transition away from fossil fuel-based sources of energy. Without batteries capable of grid-scale storage, it will be impossible to power the economy using solely renewable energy. And lithium-ion batteries, while suitable for consumer electronics, don\u2019t easily scale up to a sufficient size to store enough energy to power an entire city, for instance. Flammable materials in lithium-ion batteries also pose potential safety hazards. The bigger the battery, the more potential damage it could cause if it catches fire.<\/p>\n

Redox flow batteries are one possible solution to this technological puzzle. They consist of two tanks of electrolyte liquid, one positive and one negative, and can be scaled up just by increasing the size of the tanks, making them highly suitable for renewable energy storage. These room-sized, or even building-sized, non-flammable batteries may play a key role in future green energy grids.<\/p>\n

Several companies are currently developing redox flow batteries for commercial applications, most of which use vanadium as the electrolyte. However, vanadium is expensive and toxic, so battery researchers are working to develop a redox flow battery based on organic materials which are cheaper and more sustainable. However, these molecules tend to degrade quickly.<\/p>\n

\u201cSince the organic molecules tend to break down quickly, it means that most batteries using them as electrolytes won\u2019t last very long, making them unsuitable for commercial applications,\u201d said Dr Evan Wenbo Zhao from Cambridge\u2019s Department of Chemistry, and the paper\u2019s first author. \u201cWhile we\u2019ve known this for a while, what we haven\u2019t always understood is why this is happening.\u201d<\/p>\n

Now, Zhao and his colleagues in Professor Clare Grey\u2019s research group in Cambridge, along with collaborators from the UK, Sweden and Spain, have developed two new techniques to peer inside organic redox flow batteries in order to understand why the electrolyte breaks down and improve their performance.<\/p>\n

Using \u2018real time\u2019 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, a sort of functional \u2018MRI for batteries\u2019, and methods developed by Professor Grey\u2019s group, the researchers were able to read resonance signals from the organic molecules, both in their original states and as they degraded into other molecules. These \u2018operando\u2019 NMR studies of the degradation and self-discharge in redox flow batteries provide insights into the internal underlying mechanisms of the reactions, such as radical formation and electron transfers between the different redox-active species in the solutions.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are few in situ<\/em> mechanistic studies of organic redox flow batteries, systems that are currently limited by degradation issues,\u201d said Grey. \u201cWe need to understand both how these systems function and also how they fail if we are going to make progress in this field.\u201d<\/p>\n

The researchers found that under certain conditions, the organic molecules tended to degrade more quickly. \u201cIf we change the charge conditions by charging at a lower voltage, the electrolyte lasts longer,\u201d said Zhao. \u201cWe can also change the structure of the organic molecules so that they degrade more slowly. We now understand better why the charge conditions and molecular structures matter.\u201d<\/p>\n

The researchers now want to apply their NMR setup on other types of organic redox flow batteries, as well as on other types of next-generation batteries, such as lithium-air batteries.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are excited by the wide range of potential applications of this method to monitor a variety of electrochemical systems while they are being operated,\u201d said Grey.<\/p>\n

For example, the NMR technique will be used to develop a portable battery \u2018health check\u2019 device to diagnose its condition.<\/p>\n

\u201cUsing such a device, it could be possible to check the condition of the electrolyte in a functioning organic redox flow battery and replace it if necessary,\u201d said Zhao. \u201cSince the electrolyte for these batteries is inexpensive and non-toxic, this would be a relatively straightforward process, prolonging the life of these batteries.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fuente: <\/strong>https:\/\/www.cam.ac.uk<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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