Rusia est\u00e1 m\u00e1s avanzada tecnol\u00f3gicamente de lo que Estados Unidos percib\u00eda y est\u00e1 desarrollando r\u00e1pidamente capacidades de inteligencia artificial para obtener una ventaja de informaci\u00f3n en el campo de batalla. Seg\u00fan un estudio del Centro de An\u00e1lisis Navales, el Kremlin impulsa el desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial, en gran medida por la amenaza percibida de los Estados Unidos, combinada con las lecciones aprendidas de sus continuos conflictos en Siria y Ucrania.<\/p>\n
WASHINGTON \u2014 The Russian military is more technologically advanced than the U.S. realized and is quickly developing artificial intelligence capabilities to gain battlefield\u00a0information advantage<\/a>, an expansive new report commissioned by the Pentagon warned.<\/p>\n The federally funded Center for Naval Analyses examined the Kremlin\u2019s whole-of-government approach for\u00a0artificial intelligence development<\/a>\u00a0and found it is largely driven by the perceived threat from the United States, combined with lessons learned from its continuing conflicts in Syria and Ukraine about what the future battlefield will look like, the report released Monday said.<\/p>\n However, the Russian government faces limitations because its AI efforts are primarily government funded, and it lacks a strong defense industrial base, noted the report, written on behalf of the Pentagon\u2019s\u00a0Joint Artificial Intelligence Center<\/a>. Still, analysts cautioned Pentagon leadership not to underestimate the Russia\u2019s technological advances as the U.S. pivots its strategic focus to the Indo-Pacific. The Russian military has been undergoing modernization since 2009.<\/p>\n \u201cThis is a very different military, qualitatively especially, and they are trying to be flexible in ways that we don\u2019t give them credit for,\u201d said Sam Bendett, a co-author and research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses. \u201cThis is a different military than the ones that existed prior to 2009 and going forward it\u2019s going to become more high tech [and] more integrated. It\u2019s going to be more flexible. It\u2019s going to use different approaches to try and gain that advantage.\u201d<\/p>\n Focusing on information advantage<\/b><\/p>\n Russia is heavily focused on developing information management tools to provide soldiers with maximum access to relevant data in war and keep them safe, the report found after analyzing open-source Russian government statements, Russian officials\u2019 writings and legal documents about artificial intelligence. According to that research, Russian military strategists have placed a premium on \u201cinformation dominance on the battlefield\u201d and view AI-enabled technologies as the key to achieving that goal.<\/p>\n It\u2019s a different approach than tactics of the past for Russia, which struggled to \u201csee\u201d the battlefield and rather relied on \u201cbrute force\u201d with its arsenal of tanks and artillery, said Jeffrey Edmonds, a senior research scientist at CNA and report co-author. Among the 258-page report\u2019s extensive findings, he warned that the Russian military\u2019s desire to build AI and autonomy for information dominance, including for electronic warfare and space-based tools, should concern the Pentagon most.<\/p>\n For \u201cthe Pentagon\u2019s plan on fighting with the Russians, that\u2019s something to think about,\u201d Edmonds said. It needs to \u201ceschew the older mindset of the Russians just pounding you with artillery and tanks. They\u2019re going to do that but in a much more efficient way that\u2019s much more integrated.\u201d<\/p>\n The Russian military has AI initiatives to improve command and control and decision-making; early warning and air defense; and training, logistics, maintenance and procurement \u2014 from the tactical level to the strategic planning level in Moscow.<\/p>\n The Russian government is using artificial intelligence to analyze changing geopolitical events using data from previous global armed conflicts, the report found. Operationally, its military is trying to link platforms across different military branches to share information in order to \u201cto better coordinate forces and make faster decisions,\u201d similar to the Pentagon\u2019s new joint war-fighting concept known as\u00a0Joint All-Domain Command and Control<\/a>.<\/p>\n Russia perceives that the U.S. will sow domestic unrest in its country by trying \u201cto undermine Russian authorities and create instability within Russia to foment political change, leading to a justification for U.S. military action,\u201d the report read. That view of how the U.S. could attack is driving technology investment in many areas, including global event analysis.<\/p>\n An air assault from the United States is one of its biggest security fears for the Kremlin, hence its investments in AI technologies for early-warning systems and air defense. Its military strategists believe the processing power of AI will allow air defense systems to more quickly monitor, detect and respond to any aerial attack.<\/p>\n \u201cRussia is trying to understand what the Americans are up to or what the NATO is up to,\u201d Bendett said. \u201cSo NATO and the United States are very much in focus. And a lot of the Russian efforts in AI, military autonomy are actually geared towards how can they best counter the U.S. threat perception.\u201d<\/p>\n Autonomous systems and future war<\/b><\/p>\n The story is similar for Russia\u2019s perception of the future of autonomous weapons, another area where it\u2019s investing. The CNA analysis found substantial debate over the ethics and future of autonomous weapons and having a human \u201cin the loop\u201d of the decision cycle. Russia\u2019s military views completely autonomous weapons as an \u201cinevitability\u201d based on its perceptions of U.S. and China that the systems will become fully autonomous.<\/p>\n \u201cThis is part of the overall Russian security mindset about the United States \u2026 that where we have an advantage, we\u2019re just going to keep pushing,\u201d Edmonds said.<\/p>\n The Russian military is \u201cheavily emphasizing\u201d investments in autonomy for aerial, ground and maritime unmanned and robotic platforms. Bendett and Edmonds said that the Russian military views robots as a future replacement for soldiers and an important avenue to saving lives of its war-fighters in the future.<\/p>\n Russia\u2019s conflicts in Syria and Ukraine have been a proving ground for its development of AI and autonomous weapons because the military has learned how to manage information better. By July 2018, the Russians flew 23,000 UAV missions with 140,000 flight hours, the report noted, used primarily for short- and mid-range ISR. Still, Russia lacks a \u201ctrue combat UAV capable of striking targets.\u201d In Ukraine, CNA found the Russian military used drones for reconnaissance and artillery spotting.<\/p>\n