{"id":7841,"date":"2021-06-01T09:54:16","date_gmt":"2021-06-01T12:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=7841"},"modified":"2021-06-01T09:54:16","modified_gmt":"2021-06-01T12:54:16","slug":"la-proxima-pandemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=7841","title":{"rendered":"La pr\u00f3xima pandemia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Las pandemias, concluyeron los autores, son una amenaza existencial del orden de un arma qu\u00edmica o nuclear, y prepararse para ellas debe ser responsabilidad de los m\u00e1s altos niveles de liderazgo pol\u00edtico y no solo de los departamentos de salud .\u00a0La pr\u00f3xima vez que el mundo se enfrente a un brote de un nuevo pat\u00f3geno mortal y de r\u00e1pida propagaci\u00f3n, los gobiernos deben actuar con rapidez y estar preparados para restringir los viajes o exigir m\u00e1scaras incluso antes de que alguien sepa el alcance de la amenaza, seg\u00fan un par de nuevos informes entregados a la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The next time the world faces an outbreak of a fast-spreading and deadly new pathogen, governments must act swiftly and be ready to restrict travel or mandate masks even before anyone knows the extent of the threat, according to a pair of new reports delivered to the World Health Organization.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The studies are intended to address missteps over the past year that led to more than 3.25 million deaths, some $10 trillion in economic losses and more than 100 million people pushed into extreme poverty.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cCurrent institutions, public and private, failed to protect people from a devastating pandemic,\u201d concluded <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/theindependentpanel.org\/mainreport\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of the reports, released on Wednesday<\/a>, which called the Covid-19 pandemic \u201cthe 21st century\u2019s Chernobyl moment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cWithout change,\u201d it said, these institutions \u201cwill not prevent a future one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The reviews, released in advance of this month\u2019s meeting of the W.H.O.\u2019s governing assembly, were written by appointees who donated countless hours in the midst of their own countries\u2019 pandemic fights to interview hundreds of experts, comb through thousands of documents, gather data and seek counsel from public and private institutions around the world.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Pandemics, the authors concluded, are an existential threat on the order of a chemical or nuclear weapon, and preparing for them must be the responsibility of the highest levels of political leadership rather than only health departments, often among the least powerful of government agencies.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7842\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7842\" style=\"width: 1337px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7842\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/barbijos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1337\" height=\"847\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/barbijos.jpg 1337w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/barbijos-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/barbijos-1024x649.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/barbijos-768x487.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1337px) 100vw, 1337px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7842\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">N95 masks being decontaminated last spring, when protective equipment was in short supply in the United States.Credit&#8230;Brian Kaiser for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The reviews, requested last year by the 194 country representatives governing the W.H.O., also called for nations to provide predictable and sustainable financing to the W.H.O. and to their national preparedness systems.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cW.H.O. is underpowered and underfunded by its member states,\u201d Helen Clark, a former prime minister of New Zealand and an author of one of the reports, said at a media conference this week.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Whether the recommendations lead to lasting change is an open question. Ms. Clark\u2019s group, the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, pointedly noted that since the H1N1 pandemic in 2009, there have been 11 high-level commissions and panels that produced more than 16 reports, with the vast majority of recommendations never implemented.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">These reports \u201csit closed gathering dust in U.N. basements and government shelves,\u201d said Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, another author of that report, who served as president of Liberia during the Ebola outbreak there in 2014 and 2015.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Under the current international health regulations, \u201cthere\u2019s no enforcement mechanism,\u201d said Dr. Lothar H. Wieler, president of the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, who led the <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/a74-9-who-s-work-in-health-emergencies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second major review, in which scientists scrutinized how those regulations functioned in the pandemic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Both reports supported the creation of an international <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/03\/30\/world\/europe\/world-health-treaty-pandemics.html?searchResultPosition=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pandemic treaty<\/a> that would establish consequences if countries failed to live up to their commitments. Those might include quickly sharing samples and sequences of emerging pathogens, providing rapid access to teams deployed by the W.H.O. for early investigation and response, and ensuring equitable distribution of vaccines, medicine and tests around the world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Both reviews also noted that early in the coronavirus pandemic, many countries all but ignored the formal warning issued by the W.H.O., known as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Its unfortunate acronym, Pheic, is often pronounced \u201cfake,\u201d one of the reports noted. (Whether the proposal to change this to \u201cPhemic\u201d will prove more stirring remains to be seen.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The independent panel also concluded that the warning could have been declared at least a week earlier than it was \u2014 on Jan. 22, 2020, instead of Jan. 30.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Even then, \u201cso many countries chose to wait and see,\u201d only taking concerted action once intensive care beds were filled, Ms. Clark said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7843\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7843\" style=\"width: 1839px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7843\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medicos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1839\" height=\"867\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medicos.jpg 1839w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medicos-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medicos-1024x483.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medicos-768x362.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medicos-1536x724.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1839px) 100vw, 1839px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family members said goodbye to a grandmother dying from Covid-19 last year at North Shore University Hospital in New York.Credit&#8230;Victor J. Blue for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Her group contends that if its recommendations on political leadership, financing and surveillance systems had been in place, the coronavirus outbreak would not have become a pandemic. It also said that digital tools, such as those that scrape social media for rumors of new outbreaks, should be better incorporated into official responses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Notably, the panel did not delve into individual countries\u2019 failures in its report, determining that blame would not be \u201ca very useful approach,\u201d said Dr. Anders Nordstr\u00f6m, who helped lead the effort.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But the group did commission a study of 28 countries with high, medium and low Covid death rates. Some of the countries with the lowest tolls had previously invested in outbreak control systems after experiencing SARS, MERS and Ebola, the report said. Successful countries acted quickly, coordinated across multiple government agencies, meticulously isolated people with the virus and quarantined those exposed to it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The worst performing countries had underfunded, fragmented health systems and \u201cuncoordinated approaches that devalued science.\u201d Those with the highest death tolls, including Brazil and the United States, denied the seriousness of the pandemic and discouraged action, the panel members said in interviews.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">On some key points, the reports came to different conclusions. The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response argued that the international health regulations governing how countries are supposed to prepare for and report emerging outbreaks \u201cserve to constrain rather than to facilitate rapid action.\u201d It noted that some countries assessed as highly prepared under the framework also <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkglobalhealth.org\/article\/all-bets-are-measuring-pandemic-preparedness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">had high death rates<\/a> early in the pandemic.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7844\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7844\" style=\"width: 1319px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/tumba.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1319\" height=\"831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/tumba.jpg 1319w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/tumba-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/tumba-1024x645.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/tumba-768x484.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1319px) 100vw, 1319px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A grave prepared in New Delhi last month for a man who died from Covid-19.Credit&#8230;Atul Loke for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But the other group, which spent months reviewing those regulations, found that many could have helped but were \u201csimply not implemented by various countries,\u201d Dr. Wieler said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Some countries were not even aware that the regulations existed, his group reported. Others lacked laws vital to responding to outbreaks, such as those authorizing quarantines.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Changing those regulations would require \u201cnegotiations for years,\u201d Dr. Wieler said, noting that the latest set took a decade to finalize. Instead, one of his committee\u2019s major recommendations was to increase countries\u2019 accountability for their obligations, including though a pandemic treaty and a periodic review of their preparedness that would involve other countries.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The independent panel also proposed creating an international council led by heads of state to keep attention on health threats and to oversee a multibillion-dollar financing program that governments would contribute to based on their ability. It would promise quick payouts to countries contending with a new outbreak, giving them an incentive to report.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cThere\u2019s only going to be the political will to create those things when something catastrophic happens,\u201d said Dr. Mark Dybul, one of the panel members. These recommendations stemmed in part from his experience leading the President\u2019s Emergency Program for AIDS Relief, known as Pepfar, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But Dr. Wieler, who led the other international review, said that in general, creating new institutions rather than focusing on improving existing ones could increase costs, complicate coordination and damage the W.H.O.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The recommendations of panels after global emergencies have sometimes been embraced. The Ebola outbreak of 2014 and 2015 led to the creation of the W.H.O.\u2019s health emergencies program, aimed at boosting the agency\u2019s role in managing health crises as well as providing technical guidance. A report <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/a74-16-independent-oversight-and-advisory-committee-for-the-who-health-emergencies-programme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released this month<\/a> noted that the new program had received \u201cincreasingly positive feedback\u201d from countries, donors and partner agencies as it managed dozens of health and humanitarian emergencies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The W.H.O. before the Ebola outbreak and after it are \u201ctwo different agencies basically,\u201d said Dr. Joanne Liu, a former international president of Doctors Without Borders and a member of the independent panel. Dr. Liu was one of the W.H.O.\u2019s most trenchant critics during the Ebola response, and she noted a \u201cmarked improvement\u201d in how quickly the agency had declared an international emergency this time.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7845\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7845\" style=\"width: 1259px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7845\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medico.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1259\" height=\"805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medico.jpg 1259w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medico-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medico-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/medico-768x491.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1259px) 100vw, 1259px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7845\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A health worker with a dose of China\u2019s Sinopharm vaccine last week in Colombo, Sri Lanka.Credit&#8230;Dinuka Liyanawatte\/Reuters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Dr. Liu said her biggest fear was that as wealthier countries gained an upper hand on the virus because of vaccines, they would leave low- and middle-income countries behind, with Covid-19 becoming \u201ca neglected pandemic because they are going to be the only ones fighting it \u2014 a bit like H.I.V. and T.B.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">To avert that, the panel released a slew of urgent recommendations and called for the world\u2019s entire population to be immunized within a year.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Wealthy countries with a good vaccine pipeline should commit to making at least a billion doses available to the poorest countries by September through programs like Covax, a global effort to provide vaccines equitably throughout the world, the group said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Fuente:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/05\/12\/us\/covid-pandemic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>https:\/\/www.nytimes.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las pandemias, concluyeron los autores, son una amenaza existencial del orden de un arma qu\u00edmica o nuclear, y prepararse para ellas debe ser responsabilidad de&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7846,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36,24],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7841"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7841"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7848,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7841\/revisions\/7848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7846"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}