La diferencia central entre el nuevo concepto de guerra conjunta del Pent\u00e1gono (JWC) y el enfoque anterior es el reconocimiento de que el espacio y el ciberespacio deben protegerse y utilizarse, o bien los datos cruciales para ganar en tierra, aire y el mar ser\u00e1 inalcanzables, dice el general John Hyten, vicepresidente del Estado Mayor Conjunto. Habr\u00e1 que ser capaz de entender el espacio y el ciberespacio para dominar las operaciones de dominio.<\/p>\n
WASHINGTON: The central difference between the Pentagon\u2019s new\u00a0Joint Warfighting Concept (JWC)<\/a>\u00a0and the military\u2019s past approach is the recognition that space and cyberspace must be both protected and utilized \u2014 or else the data crucial to winning on the ground, in the air and at sea will be unobtainable, says Gen. John Hyten, vice chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.<\/p>\n \u201cYou have to be able to understand space and cyber\u201d to achieve\u00a0All Domain Operations<\/a>, he told an audience at the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) today, during a roll-out of the new NDIA Emerging Technologies Institute.<\/p>\n Hyten explained that the JWC is an \u201caspirational\u201d document, designed to guide the American way of war for the next 30 years. (It was signed on March 31 by JCS Chair Gen. Mark Milley, and shortly thereafter by Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin \u2014 although that fact was\u00a0only revealed in mid-June.<\/a>) However, he stressed, it now has to be fleshed out with doctrine and capabilities, as well as honed to accommodate what actually is achievable with the resources available.<\/p>\n The first iteration of the JWC, he went on, was based on simply improving upon the long-standing US strategy of gathering and using \u201cubiquitous\u201d information to coordinate forces and structure battles. But when put to the test in a war game this past October, the JWC \u201cfailed\u201d to produce a victory against an \u201caggressive red team\u201d emulating peer competitors China and Russia.<\/p>\n \u201cIt failed in many different ways. We had basically attempted an \u2018information dominance\u2019 structure where information was ubiquitous to our forces just like it was in the first Gulf War, and just like it has been for the last 20 years,\u201d he said. \u201cWell, what happens if right from the beginning that information is not available? And that\u2019s the big problem that we faced.\u201d<\/p>\n Hyten said the effort then \u201chad to take a step back\u201d to reorient and refocus, with a new emphasis on the\u00a0 space and cyber domains.<\/p>\n \u201cThe concept we came up with is referred to now as \u2018expanded maneuver,’\u201d he said. \u201cAnd it\u2019s expanded maneuver in space and time. In every area that an adversary can move, you have to figure out how to fill that space in time, before they can move.\u201d<\/p>\n The gist of expanded maneuver is figuring out \u201chow do I aggregate my capabilities to provide significant effect, and then how do I disaggregate to survive any kind of threat?\u201d Hyten explained. \u201cWe actually have not done that, really, for a long time, maybe ever.\u201d<\/p>\n But the battlefields of tomorrow will require US forces and firepower to \u201caggregate\u201d to attack, and rapidly disperse in order to survive fast-paced adversary \u201clong-range fires\u201d from all domains, he continued. \u201cIf you\u2019re aggregated and everybody knows where you are, you\u2019re vulnerable, but you have to aggregate to mass fires.\u201d<\/p>\n The Importance of JADC2<\/strong><\/p>\n This is where the JWC\u2019s heavy focus on tools like artificial information and machine learning, as well as the virtual battlespace environments enabled by cloud computing under\u00a0Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2)<\/a>, come into play.<\/p>\n \u201cIt could be a virtual aggregation from multiple domains, and acting at the same time under a single command structure that allows the fires to come in on anybody, and allows you to disaggregate to survive that,\u201d Hyten said. \u201cThat is a simple, simple thing to say. That is aspirational. That is unbelievably difficult to do.\u201d<\/p>\n In the JWC, he explained, \u201cthe goal is to be fully connected to a combat cloud that has all the information, that you can access at anytime, anyplace. You can pull it all together, and with all-domain command and control, figure out the best data and be able to act quickly on that.\u201d<\/p>\n JADC2 is one of the four JWC \u201csupporting concepts\u201d that now are known as \u201cfunctional battles,\u201d Hyten explained. The other three are joint fires, contested logistics and information advantage. And all four of those function battles are challenging and remain \u201caspirational,\u201d he stressed.<\/p>\n For example, he said, contested logistics is \u201creally difficult,\u201d noting that the last time the US had to fight in circumstances where US facilities abroad and at home were both under attack was in WWII. \u201cSo, contested logistics has been an area of rich study rich conversation, and we\u2019re changing our entire logistics approach.\u201d<\/p>\n Likewise, the idea of joint fires is both a huge challenge and somewhat controversial. Noting that he\u2019d been \u201ccriticized for saying this<\/a>,\u201d Hyten explained that \u201cin the Joint Warfighting Concept, fires come from all domains and all services, no restrictions.<\/p>\n \u201cWhy? Because when the fires come from all domains and all services with no restrictions, the adversary can\u2019t figure out where they\u2019re coming from, and they have no way to defend themselves against them. Now, that\u2019s, that\u2019s a purely aspirational requirement, but I hope everybody can see that if you can do that, you would change the equation on any future battlefield.\u201d<\/p>\n Finally, information dominance, he explained, \u201cis the summation of those three elements, really, all in one\u2026 And that\u2019s where some very significant requirements come in,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n The four new \u201cstrategic directives\u201d issued by the\u00a0Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC)<\/a>\u00a0this month, Hyten said, therefore are setting the stage for how the services make those joint functional battles possible. Hyten signed off on those strategic directives\u00a0in late June.<\/a><\/p>\n