{"id":9180,"date":"2021-12-28T09:18:35","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T12:18:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=9180"},"modified":"2021-12-28T09:18:35","modified_gmt":"2021-12-28T12:18:35","slug":"enlaces-opticos-satelitales-clave-para-el-seguimiento-de-misiles-hipersonicos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=9180","title":{"rendered":"Enlaces \u00f3pticos satelitales: clave para el seguimiento de misiles hipers\u00f3nicos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La Agencia de Desarrollo Espacial (SDA)\u00a0y La Agencia de Defensa de Misiles de EEUU (MDA), son las responsables del proyecto\u00a0<b>HBTSS<\/b> (Hipersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor), cuyos objetivos son: 1.\u00a0Disponer de 150 sat\u00e9lites interconectados \u00f3pticamente que operen en \u00f3rbita terrestre para 2024, capaces de detectar y seguir la trayectoria de misiles bal\u00edsticos e hipers\u00f3nicos en \u00f3rbita. 2. Oppimizar\u00a0los sistemas de defensa a\u00e9rea y misil\u00edstica, para hacer frente a las \u00faltimas armas de esas caracter\u00edsticas, desarrolladas por China y Rusia.\u00a0EEUU est\u00e1 buscando un contratista para dise\u00f1ar y construir ocho sat\u00e9lites con sensores infrarrojos, que sean capaces de detectar y rastrear armas hipers\u00f3nicas, seg\u00fan un borrador de solicitud de propuestas publicado por la Agencia de Desarrollo Espacial (SDA). Esos sat\u00e9lites ser\u00edan parte del grupo inicial de 20 de la citada agencia, que estar\u00e1n listos para 2022. Ser\u00eda el primer paso hacia su objetivo de tener cientos de sat\u00e9lites avanzados e interconectados, operando en \u00f3rbita terrestre baja (LEO) en 2024.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>WASHINGTON:\u00a0DoD\u2019s plans for a new network of low-cost missile tracking satellites is now taking shape under the direction of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/tag\/sbirs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Space Development Agency<\/a>. And key to that network will be space-based laser communications capability linking those myriad satellites together.<\/p>\n<p>The latest step in the building the network is the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/tag\/missile-defense-agency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missile Defense Agency\u2019s<\/a>\u00a0awards to L3Harris and Northrop Grumman to demonstrate a new space-based sensor for tracking hypersonic missiles.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/tag\/hypersonic-and-ballistic-tracking-space-sensor-hbtss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hypersonic and Ballistic Space Sensor (HBTSS)<\/a>\u00a0satellites will form part of SDA\u2019s \u201cTracking Layer\u201d in Low Earth Orbit (below 2,000 kilometers in altitude). MDA awarded L3Harris a $121 million contract on Jan. 14; and Northrop Grumman $155 million on Jan. 22 for each to develop a sat-based prototype medium field-of-view sensor targeted specifically at keeping tabs on hypersonic missiles flying fast and low.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dkc3wzf1G0I\" width=\"735\" height=\"406\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>SDA\u2019s constellation of low-cost LEO sats is being developed to complement \u2014 and potentially back up in a conflict \u2014 current US missile warning satellites. Those satellites\u00a0 which are big, expensive, and few in number \u2014 presenting a relatively simple target set for US adversaries.<\/p>\n<p>Currently, missile warning is primarily provided by the Lockheed Martin-built\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/tag\/sbirs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS)<\/a>\u00a0constellation. When it\u2019s completed in 2022, SBIRS will include six satellites in Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO, roughly 36,000 km in altitude) and two hosted payloads on classified satellites in polar orbits. Also, work is already ongoing to replace SBIRS with a new constellation, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/tag\/next-generation-overhead-persistent-infrared-next-gen-opir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next-Generation Overhead Persistent Infrared (Next-Gen OPIR)<\/a>\u00a0system, also built by Lockheed Martin.<\/p>\n<p>SDA\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2020\/10\/sda-missile-tracking-a-strategic-win-for-l3harris-spacex\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in October tapped L3Harris and SpaceX to build a first set of Tracking Layer satellites<\/a>\u00a0designed test out new capabilities, as part of what it calls \u201cTranche 0\u201d in its planned seven-layer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2020\/06\/sda-to-rent-commercial-ground-stations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Defense Space Architecture.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The agency awarded SpaceX $149 million and L3Harris $194 million to each build four satellites to detect ballistic, cruise and hypersonic missiles using a wide field of view IR sensor. The low-cost satellites are supposed to \u201cprovide missile warning and tracking information to national defense authorities, and tracking and cueing data for missile defense elements,\u201d according to SDA officials. The plan is to launch the eight sats in 2022.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe SDA Tracking Layer is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of Wide-Field-of-View (WFOV) and Medium-Field-of-View (MFOV) satellites. The WFOV satellites are being developed under the SDA WFOV contract, the MFOV satellites are the Hypersonic and Ballistic Space Sensor (HBTSS) satellites being developed under the MDA contract,\u201d Jennifer Elzea, SDA spokesperson, explained in an email.<\/p>\n<p>Tranche 0 of the Tracking Layer consist of eight WFOV satellites, and the two HBTSS satellites, she said: \u201cInformation gathered up to and through Tracking Layer Tranche 0 will help inform decisions about future tranches, including how many and which types of sensors should be flown to provide the warfighter a complete advanced missile threat solution.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Using a mixed fleet of sensor types \u201callows for an optimized solution of WFOV satellites to give global coverage for advanced missile tracking, and a MFOV constellation to provide the fire control targeting solution for weapons engagement,\u201d Elzea said. In other words, the satellites carrying the wide field of view cameras can queue those carrying the medium field-of-view sensors, which have a higher resolution but cover a smaller area.<\/p>\n<p>They will communicate via optical intersatellite links. \u201cMDA\u2019s MFOV satellites will be equipped with optical inter-satellite links (OISLs) that meet SDA\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sda.mil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/9100-0001-01-OISL-Standard.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published draft standard<\/a>\u00a0and will enable direct plug-in to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2020\/05\/esper-orders-sda-to-link-c2-networks-for-all-domain-ops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transport Layer<\/a>\u00a0and other elements of the National Defense Space Architecture,\u201d Elzea said.<\/p>\n<p>Last month, SDA Director Derek Tournear said he sees lasers for inter-satellite links as the most important new tech to build a mesh network that will allow\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/tag\/all-domain-operations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">All-Domain Operations,<\/a>\u00a0as well as targeting incoming hypersonic missiles.<\/p>\n<p>The Tracking Layer satellites also will use the optical links to connect to SDA\u2019s Transport Layer of data relay satellites.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2020\/05\/esper-orders-sda-to-link-c2-networks-for-all-domain-ops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As Breaking D readers know,<\/a>\u00a0former Defense Secretary Mark Esper mandated that all the services use those satellites to link their command and control networks to the future\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/tag\/joint-all-domain-command-and-control-jadc2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2)<\/a>\u00a0network. The optical satellite links thus are central to creating that C2 backbone.<\/p>\n<p>The HTBSS satellites are expected to be launched in 2023.\u00a0 Elzea noted that \u201cas part of the close collaboration between the two agencies, SDA secured launch services for MDA\u2019s two HBTSS satellites in the recent launch services contract between SDA and SpaceX because the HBTSS medium-field-of-view satellites are critical parts of Tranche 0.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>SpaceX won the launch contract, worth $150 million, for the eight Tranche 0 satellites on Jan. 21.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe technical details of launch support are still being finalized,\u201d Elzea said. \u201cThis launch arrangement is just one example of close collaboration [between SDA and MDA] that will enhance mission success going forward.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That should be music to congressional ears.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2020\/06\/house-strategic-forces-fences-space-force-sda-gps-funds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As<em>\u00a0Breaking D<\/em>\u00a0readers know,<\/a>\u00a0there has been some controversy about what some in Congress see as a shotgun marriage between SDA and MDA on the plan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fuente:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2021\/01\/optical-links-key-to-sda-mda-missile-tracking-network\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>https:\/\/breakingdefense.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Agencia de Desarrollo Espacial (SDA)\u00a0y La Agencia de Defensa de Misiles de EEUU (MDA), son las responsables del proyecto\u00a0HBTSS (Hipersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18,2,35,28],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9180"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9180"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9182,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9180\/revisions\/9182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}