{"id":9619,"date":"2022-03-29T12:24:27","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T15:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=9619"},"modified":"2022-03-29T12:24:27","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T15:24:27","slug":"misiles-de-crucera-kalibr-empleados-por-rusia-para-atacar-objetivos-vitales-en-ucrania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/?p=9619","title":{"rendered":"Misiles de crucera Kalibr empleados por Rusia para atacar objetivos vitales en Ucrania"},"content":{"rendered":"

Al menos ocho Misiles de crucero \u201cKalibr\u201d, aptos para su lanzamiento desde buques, han sido utilizados por Rusia para atacar dep\u00f3sitos de armamento de las Fuerzas de Ucrania en la localidad de Orzhev. Un video presentado por el MoD Ruso, muestra el empleo en combate de estos sofisticados sistemas de precisi\u00f3n, que tienen un alcance de hasta 2000km y con una carga explosiva de 500kg, seg\u00fan las diferentes versiones del mismo. El Kalibr ya hab\u00eda demostrado su eficacia en anteriores escenarios como el conflicto en Siria. Los misiles Kalibr normalmente son lanzados en salvas de varias unidades, con la particularidad de que cuando un misil detecta blancos, puede compartir la informaci\u00f3n con el resto, lo que incrementa notablemente su eficiencia. La modularidad de su lanzador universal 3S14, permite que la mayor\u00eda de los buques de la flota rusa, puedan disparar este misil. Es empleado adem\u00e1s por otros pa\u00edses como China e India.<\/p>\n

\n

Defense Ministry Spokesman Igor Konashenkov said seaborne precision missiles hit an\u00a0arsenal in\u00a0the settlement of\u00a0Orzhev 14 kilometers northwest of\u00a0the city of\u00a0Rovno. \u201cThe strike destroyed a\u00a0major Ukrainian arsenal with arms and military hardware, also supplied by\u00a0western countries,\u201d he\u00a0said.<\/p>\n

The Kalibr missiles were reportedly fired by\u00a0a\u00a0Buyan-M-class small missile ship of\u00a0project 21631 in\u00a0the Black\u00a0Sea. The footage shows the eight missiles blasting off one after another. The ship thus fired the whole round of\u00a0missiles, as\u00a0it\u00a0carries eight of\u00a0them.<\/p>\n

Editor-in-Chief of\u00a0the Independent Military Review Dmitry Litovkin said the salvo confirmed that the carriers of\u00a0Kalibr missiles can simultaneously launch the whole round of\u00a0munitions and remain in\u00a0proper order.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is an important technical solution, which had to be tested. Can a warship launch 16 missiles? A submarine goes down 50 meters during such a salvo. There was such a possibility and it was tested,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Dmitry Litovkin, Editor-in-Chief of\u00a0the Independent Military Review<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Previously, the Defense Ministry released footage of\u00a0one, two or\u00a0three Kalibr launches. Litovkin recalled the Begemot-2 Soviet operation in\u00a0the Barents Sea in\u00a01990 when a\u00a0nuclear submarine of\u00a0the Northern fleet fired 16 ballistic missiles at\u00a0a\u00a0time at\u00a0Kura range in\u00a0several minutes. It\u00a0was an\u00a0unprecedented record for\u00a0the domestic Navy. Ballistic missiles are much bigger than Kalibr.<\/p>\n

Information exchange<\/strong><\/p>\n

Litovkin believes the Kalibr missiles exchanged information in\u00a0flight. \u201cArtificial intelligence is\u00a0introduced into arms and hardware. It\u00a0is\u00a0possible that one missile sees the target and shares the information with other missiles. If\u00a0one missile is\u00a0downed, the rest will know where to\u00a0fly. It\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0netcentric situation in\u00a0the battlefield,\u201d he\u00a0said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe salvo showed that Kalibr missiles have a\u00a0real-time information exchange. The cruise missiles are actually robots,\u201d the expert said.<\/p>\n

Kalibr<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Buyan corvette launching a Kalibr cruise missile.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kalibr\u00a0<\/a><\/strong>S-14 (NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler) was developed by\u00a0Novator Design Bureau in\u00a0Yekaterinburg from Granat S-10 complex. It\u00a0was for the first time demonstrated to\u00a0the public in\u00a01993.<\/p>\n

Granat was designed as\u00a0a\u00a0response to\u00a0US\u00a0Tomahawk SLCM and GLCM. The design began in\u00a01976. Granat 3M-10 was developed in\u00a01983 into Alpha 3M-51 cruise missile that had an\u00a0additional stage for fire from torpedo launchers. In\u00a01993, a\u00a0mockup of\u00a0the missile was demonstrated at\u00a0an\u00a0arms show in\u00a0Abu Dhabi and at\u00a0MAKS-93.<\/p>\n

After 1991, the designers focused on\u00a0Club export option. It\u00a0could be\u00a0launched from submarines (Club-S) and warships (Club-N). The first 3M-54 was developed from Alpha and kept the main design. 3M-14 was developed from Granat. The range of\u00a0the export option comprised 275-300 kilometers.<\/p>\n

The Russian Navy uses 3M-54 and 3M-15 missiles for Kalibr-NK complex of\u00a0surface warships with universal 3S14 launchers and Kalibr-PL for submarine torpedo launchers. The first complex was delivered with the Dagestan small missile ship of\u00a0project 11661 in\u00a02012. Various sources said its range varied from 1400 to\u00a02600 km.<\/p>\n

Kalibr was developed into ground, airborne, seaborne and underwater complexes, as\u00a0well as\u00a0an\u00a0export option. Open sources said it\u00a0is\u00a0operated by\u00a0Russia, India, and China.<\/p>\n

Launcher<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
3S14 UKSK universal launcher (TASS photo).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The universal 3S14 launcher<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>promoted the use of\u00a0Kalibr by\u00a0the Russian Navy. The vertical launcher was designed by\u00a0the Special Machine-Building Bureau of\u00a0Almaz-Antey Company.<\/p>\n

It\u00a0can fire Kalibr, Onyx and BrahMos missiles and is\u00a0fit for prospective hypersonic Tsirkon, which is\u00a0to\u00a0complete acceptance trials in\u00a02022.<\/p>\n

The launchers are installed on\u00a0the new-generation Russian warships with various displacements: frigates of\u00a0projects 22350 and 11356, corvettes of\u00a0projects 20385 and 20386, missile ships of\u00a0project 11661, small missile ships of\u00a0projects 21631 and 22800. Even patrol ships of\u00a0project 22160 can carry the launcher. Upgraded cruisers of\u00a0project 1144, destroyers of\u00a0project 956 and big antisubmarine warfare ships of\u00a0project 1155 will be\u00a0also able to\u00a0fire Kalibr.<\/p>\n

The cruise missile can be\u00a0also launched by\u00a0Varshavyanka-class diesel-electric submarines of\u00a0project 636.3 and Yasen-M-class SSGN of\u00a0project 885M.<\/p>\n

Engagement<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Russian Navy Caspian Flotilla firing Kalibr-NK missile during naval drills (File picture: Russian MoD).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The first combat engagement of\u00a0the missiles took place in\u00a0Syria. The Defense Ministry reported 13 engagements of\u00a0at\u00a0least 99 missiles.<\/p>\n

The first launch was carried out by\u00a0the Dagestan missile ship of\u00a0project 11661, the Grad Sviyazhsk, the Uglich and the Veliky Ustyug small missile ships of\u00a0project 21631 of\u00a0the Caspian flotilla. They fired 26 Kalibr-NK at\u00a011 terrorist objects in\u00a0Syria from the Caspian\u00a0Sea. They destroyed command posts, weapon depots, and camps of\u00a0terrorists.<\/p>\n

Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu said \u201cthe results of\u00a0the strikes confirmed a\u00a0high effectiveness of\u00a0the missiles at\u00a0major distances of\u00a0nearly 1500 km.\u201d<\/p>\n

The first launch from a\u00a0submarine took place on\u00a0December 8, 2015. The Rostov-on-Don diesel-electric submarine of\u00a0project 636.3 fired four Kalibr-PL from a submerged position at\u00a0terrorist targets in\u00a0Raqqa province. They destroyed two command posts. It\u00a0was the first missile strike at\u00a0a\u00a0real adversary in\u00a0the history of\u00a0the Russian underwater fleet.<\/p>\n

The Admiral Grigorovich frigate of\u00a0project 11356R of\u00a0the Black Sea fleet for the first time fired Kalibr missiles on\u00a0November 15, 2016. She was followed by\u00a0the Admiral Essen frigate, the Krasnodar, the Veliky Novgorod, and the Kolpino submarines of\u00a0project 636.3. The latter two submarines delivered strikes from the Eastern Mediterranean and destroyed command posts, communication hubs, arms depots of\u00a0terrorists southeast of\u00a0Deir-ez-Zor. The Defense Ministry said seven missiles were fired from a\u00a0submerged position to\u00a0a\u00a0distance of\u00a0500-670 km.<\/p>\n

On\u00a0October 5, 2017, the Veliky Novgorod and the Kolpino submarines of\u00a0the Black Sea fleet fired ten Kalibr missiles and destroyed terrorist command posts, major arms depots and armor near al-Mayadin town.<\/p>\n

Kalibr is\u00a0an\u00a0ideal non-nuclear strategic deterrence. It\u00a0can carry both conventional and nuclear warhead. All Russian fleets are armed with Kalibr missiles, which offer a\u00a0long and flexible outreach.<\/p>\n

Fuente:<\/strong> https:\/\/www.navalnews.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Al menos ocho Misiles de crucero \u201cKalibr\u201d, aptos para su lanzamiento desde buques, han sido utilizados por Rusia para atacar dep\u00f3sitos de armamento de las… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18,2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9619"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9619"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9624,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9619\/revisions\/9624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fie.undef.edu.ar\/ceptm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}