La perforación y la voladura son fundamentales para la fragmentación de materiales en la minería, y contribuyen significativamente a sus costos. Lograr la rentabilidad requiere un diseño de voladura preciso, incluida la cantidad óptima de carga explosiva para controlar la fragmentación, las vibraciones, las rocas proyectadas y la sobrepresión del aire. Este estudio presenta un nuevo modelo impulsado por IA, XGBoost-PSO-T, que combina eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) con Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) utilizando la técnica Tri-Weight para mejorar la precisión predictiva. El modelo, evaluado por las métricas RMSE y R², supera al XGBoost estándar, logrando un RMSE de 0,657 y un R² de 0,922. Muestra potencial para optimizar los diseños de voladuras, mejorar la eficiencia y reducir los costos en la minería de superficie.
Abstract
Drilling and blasting are essential operations within the mining industry, playing a critical role in material fragmentation. Despite advancements in various blasting technologies, the process remains a dominant contributor to overall mining costs. Achieving cost efficiency requires the precise configuration of blast design parameters, including explosive charge quantity, to attain desired outcomes in fragmentation, ground vibrations, fly rock, and air over-pressure. This study introduces a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-driven model, XGBoost-PSO-T, which combines eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) through the integration of the Tri-Weight technique. The PSO-Tri-Weight method optimizes the hyperparameters of the XGBoost model, enhancing its predictive capabilities. The model’s performance was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²), with the results demonstrating that the XGBoost-PSO-T system outperforms the standard XGBoost approach, achieving an RMSE of 0.657 and an R² of 0.922. These findings suggest that the XGBoost-PSO-T model is a valuable tool for predicting fragmentation outcomes and optimizing blast designs in surface mining operations. The implementation of this system is recommended to improve blasting efficiency and reduce operational costs.
Fuente: https://www.acadlore.com
